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Did Socrates Believe in the Athenian gods - 982 Words

Topic: First Take-Home Essay – Did Socrates Believe in the Gods? Socrates does not explicitly answer whether or not he believed in the many gods of Athens, but he definitely believed in at least one divinity: his inner voice. Although this may still be considered a form of impiety by an Athenian jury, it is erroneous to describe Socrates as an atheist. The philosopher’s views on religion were unorthodox to say the least. His actions seem to suggest atheism, as he is more interested in debating wisdom than pursuing favor with the gods. Socrates is not adverse to a religious conversation, though, as he stops on the steps of the courthouse to discuss the nature and meaning of piety with Euthyphro. Although he does not speak in favor of the gods, neither does he move to deny spirituality or divinity. It is understandably difficult to decipher what Socrates believes himself amid all his questions and circling discourses. Interpreting Socrates is made increasingly more difficult by the fact that he is available today only as a literary character created by Plato. Perhaps the most insight is available in Plato’s text, the Apology, documenting the trial of Socrates when he is brought to court by various Athenian citizens on charges of impiety. As he is forced to discuss himself in relation to the subject of divinity, there is quite a lot to be gleaned from his discourse in this text. Additionally, Plato’s works Crito and Euthyphro take place around the event of the trial,Show MoreRelatedEssay about Socrates’ Trial Defense in Terms of His Values1414 Words   |  6 PagesSocrates’ Trial Defense in Terms of His Values In his Apology, Plato recounted the trial that led to the execution of his friend and mentor, Socrates. The account revealed that values of Socrates’ accusers and his own fundamentally differed, and that they had been angered because he tried to prove that they had misplaced theirs. Those differences created conflict between the two parties that culminated in his trial. With the understanding that a jury condemned Socrates to deathRead MoreSocrates Accusers Essay800 Words   |  4 PagesIn 399 BC, Socrates was executed on charges of not believing in the same Gods as Athenians, and for being a bad influence on the young. Were these charges just and fair? No, they were not. Socrates was not guilty of these charges. In fact, in the presence of his accusers, Socrates proved that he was an innocent man and was simply in the process of carrying out his mission to share truth in an attempt to improve the lives of his neighbors. Though with no avail, Socrates was still found guilty of crimesRead MoreSocratesApology And The Hebrew Bible1493 Words   |  6 Pageshow they view their world. The people in Socrates’ Apology and the Hebrew Bible have different ways of life. The Greek gods and the Hebrew God shape these people’s views, and they live the way their Gods want them to. Socrates’ gods and the Jews’ God give them a sense of authority in how they live and view their world. It evidently shows in Socrates’ Apology while Socrates defends himself in court, and in the books of the Bible when the Jews follow God and how they judge before and after JesusRead MoreThe Apology Of Socrates And Hebrew Bible Analysis1676 Words   |  7 Pagesthe Apology of Socrates and Hebrew Bible, there are different structures of authority – the way the system works; people live their lives, or how they view their world. The Greek gods and the Hebrew God shape these people’s views and give them a sense of authority. The structures of authority evidently show in the Apology of Socrates while Socrates defends himself in court, and in the books of the Bible when the Jews follow God and how they judge others. Although the Athenians’ and Jews’ livesRead MoreThe Euthyphro, By Socrates And Euthyphro1733 Words   |  7 Pagesconsidered the epitome of Socrates’ mastery of philosophy. In this dialogue, Socrates and Euthyphro converse on the porch of King Archon, who oversees religious laws. They both state why they are there and try to justify themselves to each other. While doing this, they circumvent about the matter of what piety exactly means. Euthyphro, having the reputation of being divine and pious, told Socrates that he is indeed an expert in these matters relating to piety, but Socrates makes it his mission to proveRead MoreEssay on The Trial of Socrates655 Words   |  3 Pages Socrates was accused of being a sophist because he was engaging in inquiries into things ben eath the earth and in the heavens, of making the weaker argument appear the stronger, and teaching others these same things. (Apology, Plato, Philosophic Classics page 21) Socrates is also accused of denying the existence of the gods, and corrupting the youth. Socrates goes about trying to prove his innocence. The jury that Socrates was tried by was made up of 501 Athenian citizens of all classesRead MoreThe Recordless: A Socrates Biography867 Words   |  4 Pagesphilosopher Socrates remains, as he was in his lifetime, an enigma, an instructable individual who, despite having written nothing, is considered one of the handful of philosophers who forever changed how philosophy itself was to be conceived†(Nails). A great philosopher named Socrates once changed the very way man perceived nature. Socrates was a man that lived life to its fullest, from being a foot soldier, or hoplite, to freelancing around the town hall barefoot and smelly. Socrates, because heRead MoreWhy Wa s Socrates Final Speech So Ineffective?1407 Words   |  6 PagesSocrates: Why was his final speech so ineffective? Although the Platonic dialogue chronicling Socrates death is called the Apology, many critics have noted that Socrates seems notably unapologetic throughout the speech, thus raising the ire of his Athenian listeners. Socrates is openly confrontational in his address to an Athenian jury of his peers, and his philosophical elitism seems designed to confirm, rather than disprove the image the prosecution had created of an unstable, dangerous, andRead MoreEssay Is Socrates Guilty As Charged?1134 Words   |  5 PagesQuery: quot;Is Socrates Guilty As Charged?quot; nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;In any case of law, when one is considering truth and justice, one must first look at the validity of the court and of the entity of authority itself. In Socrates case, the situation is no different. One may be said to be guilty or not of any said crime, but the true measure of guilt or innocence is only as valid as the court structure to which it is subject to. Therefore, in considering whether Socrates is guilty orRead MoreComparison Between Crito and Apology1661 Words   |  7 Pageswe could know Socrates is an enduring person with imagination, because he presents us with a mass of contradictions: Most eloquent men, yet he never wrote a word; ugliest yet most profoundly attractive; ignorant yet wise; wrongfully convicted, yet unwilling to avoid his unjust execution. Behind these conundrums is a contradiction less often explored: Socrates is at once the most Athenian, most local, citizenly, and patriotic of philosophers; and yet the most self-regarding of Athenians. Exploring that

Negative Effects of Technology on the Society’s Security and Privacy Free Essays

Continuous studies on possible technological developments are being done everyday as initiated by private companies and the government military. Needless to say, these technologies, particularly those funded by private companies have been developed aside from making huge profits, to benefit the society in almost every aspect in their lives especially in terms of making their lives easier and more comfortable. Similarly, those developed by the government may have been initially done mostly for military and government purposes, but almost always; such technology comes to be marketed to the masses later on. We will write a custom essay sample on Negative Effects of Technology on the Society’s Security and Privacy or any similar topic only for you Order Now Examples of which include the online technologies such as cellular phones, the computer and the internet. Cellular phones, computers and the internet have been for many years now, widely available for commercial use. Undeniably, such technologies have made casual life more productive in terms of the speed in which work can now be done. Cellular phones allow cordless communication in almost all places, all stations in the world; computers allow speedier processing of transactions, calculations and many other tasks; and the internet allows not only global communication but also better and more widely available databases of information which almost everyone with internet access can utilize. Attached with such array of commercial benefits however, are possibilities of misuse and thus disadvantages that could not only affect one individual but also huge numbers of populations at one time in general. With these, technologies come more ways of violation of individual privacy as well as security. These stem from such technologies’ nature of mass connection. The number of cellular phone users has been increasing. From 1997 to 2002, there has been 10-fold increase in global usage reaching 787 million (â€Å"GSM to Pass One-Billion Mark This Year†). This may mean better connection for these people but this may also mean an increase in the number of people probable of being violated of privacy. It is true that it is prohibited to access account information from private companies, but since the use of airwaves in this particular technology allows the personal tracking of the location of an individual, privacy cannot always be ensured. There are still people who have unlimited access to such information and are capable of such violation, that is, location tracking without the consent of the concerned individual. This is especially true with the number of hackers, both experimenting and professional, out practicing.   Individual information from private companies could also be tapped indiscriminately especially by government officials for their specific purposes. This may be beneficial (but may still be unethical) if the person concerned is a real crook, but for innocent individuals, the violation of privacy would be unwarranted. The rise of the computers and the internet creates a new breed of crime. Computers are an efficient way of storing important and sometimes company critical files. This computer function allows company’s easier management and access to their files which are in many ways beneficial. But these benefits are not limited to the companies as the storage of information in the computer also allows professionals, particularly hackers, access to the information. Just recently, 12 December 2006, it was reported by CNN that a number of names and personal information were exposed when a hacker attacked the database of the computer system of the University of California, Los Angeles (â€Å"Hacker Attack at UCLA Affect 800,000 people†). According to the same report, a survey released in October of this year showed that about a hundred colleges experienced a similar incident during the previous 12 months. The information stolen in such cases usually include names, birth dates, medical records, social security numbers, home addresses and other personal information (â€Å"Hacker Attack at UCLA Affect 800,000 people†). Clearly, the computers and the internet allow newer and more technical way of thieving, the most controversial of which is identity theft. The use of the internet has now evolved to allow even the purchase of items from objects as simple books to even loans and transactions can now be done conveniently through the internet using the credit card. It is this nature of internet transactions that allows identity theft through the internet. According to a report done by the Federal Trade Commission in 2003, the reported form of identity theft has been limited to those involving credit card transactions. According to the same report, about 13% of the victims reported that their personal information was obtained during transactions during credit card purchases. Among those purchases include those done through the internet.   Such information can be used by the thief in many ways such as obtaining government documents, purchasing online, obtaining loans, housing transactions, employment and filing of tax returns (Federal Trade Commission). These are just some examples of how technology, particularly phones, the computer and the internet disadvantage individuals. There could be a lot more other ways. Phones and computers have also been used in propagating pornography especially with the increase in use of video cameras, file sharing and websites that support such. Computer viruses had been and can still be easily distributed to corrupt several company and even government files, causing significant losses both in the concerned company as well as in the society in general. Freund cited a survey of the FBI that about 500 U.S. companies suffered significant financial losses amounting to $455.8 million in 2002. Technology is a powerful tool and is undeniably beneficial to the society especially with the ease in living it contributes to every individual. But as much as it is powerful and beneficial, it can also do harm because everything with advantages can always be exploited to bring otherwise. The results that technology brings just all depend on how the user chooses to use it. Works Cited Freund, G. â€Å"Perspective: Hacking 2003, The New Agenda.† Cnet News.Com. Cnet Networks, Inc. 2006. http://news.com.com/2010-1071_3-1001016.html Federal Trade Commission. â€Å"Identity Theft Survey Report.† Sep 2003. Synovate. http://www.consumer.gov/idtheft/pdf/synovate_report.pdf â€Å"GSM to Pass One Billion Mark This Year.† 2003. Cellular.co.za. http://www.cellular.co.za/news_2003/011603-gsm_to_pass_one_billion_mark_wit.htm â€Å"Hacker Attack at UCLA Affect 800,000 People.† CNN.com. 12 December 2006. Cable News Network LLP.http://www.cnn.com/2006/TECH/ptech/12/ 12/ucla.data.theft.ap/index.html       How to cite Negative Effects of Technology on the Society’s Security and Privacy, Essay examples

Reflection of Cross Culture in Business Communication

Question: Discuss about the Reflection of Cross Culture in Business Communication. Answer Introduction Communication is an integral part of business and effective communication greatly helps in attaining high levels of productivity(Broadbent, 2013). Every organization has a process through which it communicates amongst its various stakeholders. The scope of this current reflection analysis is based on Coles Supermarket, Australia and its problems faced in communications. Coles has various supermarkets based across multiple location, the current case analysis is in regards to its store located at Scarborough Street. The manager of the Company is not able to communicate to its employees effectively as he is seen as a person who cannot speak or write English properly. Thus, the following analysis is done according to Schramms model of communication which includes a dynamic process of transferring message from one person to another(Martin, 2010). Analysis Communication process within an organization involves a complex and dynamic process wherein any type of hindrance may cause barrier to it. In Coles Supermarkets in Australia in Scarborough there is a challenges experienced in communication(Amatya, 2010). According to Schramms model, the manager provides the message in form of an encoder and transfers the message to its employees who in turn decode the message. Figure 1: Schramm's Model of Communication Source: (www.businesstopia.net, Retrieved on 6th April 2017) The message from the encoder gets transferred to the decoder in various forms it can be through letter, email, dashboard messages, meetings and so on. While the message gets transferred through a medium there might be some hindrances which causes the message to change. The most critical part of the message correspondence is the process of transferring message from sender to receiver(Nwagbara, 2013). While the receiver, which in this case are the employees receives the message he decodes it and interprets data in that information. In various instances when the manager had wanted a shelf to be re-aligned to gain customer attention, it was not done as the employees on the shop floor could not follow his instructions. Further, due to the customer pressure at this current store there has been serious miscommunications amongst staffs and manager. While the manager had intended the staffs to help the customers, it had not happened accordingly and it was only later in the day when customer pressure had reduced that staffs attended to customers easily(Arnold, 2015). If the employees could understand the managers message it would help them to easily overcome the challenge in regards to service time and overcrowding issue. This also led to the manager having negative understanding in regards to various employees. The manager due to lack of skill in English language often communicated inappropriately which led to misunderstanding of the information in totality. While his intentions and interpretations are intended with best of means to aim for company growth and development, but his subordinates are not able to understand the information(McQuail, 2015). Thus, the message transferred through either verbal or non-verbal methods is not interpreted correctly which leads to functional inefficiency in the same. Whether in meeting or email or in any other form of communication due to distortions in the language the proper message is not getting transferred. In order to resolve this issue pertaining to communication, the manager needs to undertake classes on communication as well as in English. Such class will help him attain a level in communication which will allow him to communicate without any hindrances and transfer his messages easily to his subordinates. These classes will also help the subordi nates in interpreting the message in a better way(Louhiala-Salminen, 2011). The employees need to provide regular feedback on each message that is intended at them from the manager. Thus, the process of feedback will guarantee that the manager or employees understand each other. Schramms communication framework is effective as it provides a framework for proper communication to take place. It is through the process of continuous feedback that necessary inputs regarding inappropriate communication can be understood and then proper actions to correct it can be taken. Additionally a review of conditions prevailing in communication in any organization has to be understood by means of review technique. While feedback in the Schramms framework will allow understanding and coping with relevant challenges, review of existing process frequently can allow understanding any gaps that prevail in communication(DiSanza, 2016). The Supermarket has to undertake such periodic reviews to enable them to adopt a proper communication process and to enhance productivity. As communication processes greatly deters and influences the entire process of productivity especially in a supermarket store as this one. Hence the Schramms framework has allowed to identify and diagnose any challenges that arise in communication through analysis and overcoming the same. Conclusion Schramms model of communication works with the process of sender and receiver transferring various types of information. The interpretation of the message is undertaken by both receiver and sender of the message. This process works effectively when there is minor or no deviation in message. But in case of any hindrances the message by itself might get distorted or in case the encoder or decoder has any sort of interpretational issue. The above case analysis reflects that while Coles Supermarket manager did not have any operational issue but due to lack of his skills in English language his messages often used to get interpreted in a wrong way. Hence, this process of interpretation can be solved by way of feedback received form several employees and undertaking a course on communication. Reference Lists Amatya, L. K. (2010). Improving communication for management of social-ecological systems in high mountain areas. . Mountain Research and Development, 69-79. Arnold, E. C. (2015). Interpersonal relationships: Professional communication skills for nurses. . Elsevier Health Sciences. Broadbent, D. E. (2013). Perception and communication. . Elsevier. DiSanza, J. R. (2016). Business and professional communication: Plans, processes, and performance. Pearson. Louhiala-Salminen, L. . (2011). Professional communication in a global business context: The notion of global communicative competence. IEEE Transactions on professional communication, 244-262. Martin, J. N. (2010). Intercultural communication in contexts. McQuail, D. . (2015). Communication models for the study of mass communications. Routledge. Nwagbara, U. . (2013). Corporate social responsibility communication in the age of new media: Towards the logic of sustainability communication. Revista de Management Comparat International, 400. www.businesstopia.net. (Retrieved on 6th April 2017). Schramm's Model of Communication. https://www.businesstopia.net/communication/schramms-model-communication.